How the 45-class system works and what a clearance search actually checks.

By Kanoons Editorial Team · 5 min read · Last verified 2026-07-26

Trademarks are registered against one or more of 45 international classes covering different categories of goods and services — a mark registered only in class 25 (clothing) offers no protection in class 43 (restaurants).

Before filing, a clearance search against the IP India database helps catch conflicting marks early, since an objection or opposition after filing can add 6-12 months to what is already a 12-18 month process.